On this page, you can expect to find a comprehensive wine tasting vocabulary list. You will have access to games, flashcards, and other resources related to this subject. Dive into the world of wine tasting terminology and enhance your knowledge in this area.
Wine tasting is a sensory experience that allows individuals to explore different varieties of wines, evaluating their appearance, aroma, taste, and finish. It is a popular activity for wine enthusiasts looking to expand their palate and knowledge of different grape varieties and regions. During a wine tasting, participants typically sample small amounts of various wines while learning about the production process, pairing suggestions, and proper tasting techniques. Whether attending a guided tasting at a vineyard or hosting a tasting event at home, wine tasting is a fun and educational way to appreciate the complexities and nuances of this beloved beverage.
Practice & Reinforce Your Learning
Wine Tasting Vocabulary List
Aroma and bouquet
bouquet(Noun)
/Aroma - uh-roh-muh
Bouquet - boo-kay/
The bouquet in wine tasting refers to the complex combination of scents that can be detected when smelling the wine.
Synonyms: aroma, fragrance, scent, perfume, essence, smell, bouquet
Example Sentences:
- The bouquet of the red wine was rich with aromas of dark berries and oak.
- She received a beautiful bouquet of flowers from her admirer.
- The bouquet of the white wine had hints of citrus and tropical fruits.
Word Origin: The word "bouquet" in the context of aroma and bouquet comes from the Old French word "bouquet" which means "a bunch of flowers". The term was originally used to describe a collection of flowers or herbs that were tied together. Over time, the term came to be used to describe the complex combination of aromas and scents that are present in a wine or perfume.
earthy(Adjective)
/1. Earthy - ur-thee
2. Dirt - durt
3. Soil - soyl
4. Mushroom - mush-room
5. Moss - maws
6. Wood - wood
7. Grass - gr-as
8. Forest - for-est/
Earthy in wine tasting refers to aromas and flavors resembling the smell of soil, moss, or mushrooms, adding complexity to the wine.
Synonyms: earthy, woody, rustic, natural, organic, robust, musky, soil-like, pungent, fragrant
Example Sentences:
- The Chardonnay had an earthy aroma, with notes of wet stone and forest floor.
- The Pinot Noir displayed an earthy flavor profile, reminiscent of freshly turned soil and wild mushrooms.
- The Merlot had a smooth texture and an earthy finish, with hints of cedar and tobacco.
Word Origin: The word "earthy" in the context of aroma and bouquet likely comes from the Old English word "eorthe," meaning "earth" or "soil." This term is used to describe scents or flavors in wine, coffee, or other substances that evoke the smell or taste of damp soil, mushrooms, minerals, or other natural elements found in the earth. The use of "earthy" in this context emphasizes the connection between the sensory experience and the natural world.
floral(Adjective)
/flo-ral/
Floral in wine tasting refers to the aroma or bouquet of a wine that contains scents of flowers or blossoms.
Synonyms: fragrant, perfumed, scented, sweet-smelling, aromatic, flowery
Example Sentences:
- The wine had a beautiful floral scent with hints of rose and jasmine.
- I could detect a subtle floral note in the white wine, reminiscent of wildflowers.
- The red wine had a strong floral aroma, like a bouquet of fresh violets.
Word Origin: The word "floral" comes from the Latin word "floralis," which means "pertaining to flowers." In the context of aroma and bouquet in wine tasting, "floral" is used to describe the scent or flavor that resembles the aroma of flowers. It can include notes of jasmine, rose, violet, or other floral scents.
fruity(Adjective)
/Fruity: FRU-tee/
Fruity in wine tasting refers to the distinct aromas and flavors reminiscent of fresh fruits, such as berries, citrus, or tropical fruits.
Synonyms: sweet, fragrant, aromatic, tangy, zesty, juicy, flavorful
Example Sentences:
- The Chardonnay had a fruity aroma of pineapple and pear.
- I prefer red wines with a fruity profile, like a juicy Pinot Noir.
- The rosé was light and refreshing, with a fruity finish of strawberries and watermelon.
Word Origin: The word "fruity" in the context of aroma and bouquet is derived from the Old French word "fruite," which originated from the Latin word "fructus," meaning "fruit." This term is used to describe the aroma and flavor characteristics of a wine that are reminiscent of various fruits, such as berries, citrus, tropical fruits, and stone fruits.
oaky(Adjective)
/oaky: OH-kee/
Oaky refers to the aroma and flavor characteristics in wine that are derived from aging in oak barrels.
Synonyms: woody, smoky, earthy, toasted, vanilla, spicy, caramelized, buttery
Example Sentences:
- The chardonnay had a rich, oaky flavor with hints of vanilla and caramel.
- The red blend was smooth and full-bodied, with a subtle oaky finish.
- I could detect the oaky notes of the cabernet sauvignon as soon as I took a sip.
Word Origin: The word "oaky" in the context of aroma and bouquet likely comes from the use of oak barrels in the aging process of wine. Oak barrels have been traditionally used for centuries to store and age wine, and during this process, the wine can absorb flavors and aromas from the wood. These can include vanilla, caramel, spice, and toast, which are often described as "oaky" characteristics. The word likely derives from the use of oak barrels in winemaking and the association of these flavors with wines that have been aged in oak.
spicy(Adjective)
/spi-see/
Spicy in wine tasting refers to flavors and aromas reminiscent of spices such as pepper, clove, or cinnamon.
Synonyms: zesty, pungent, tangy, flavorful, bold, robust, fragrant, aromatic, piquant, lively
Example Sentences:
- The red wine had a spicy finish with hints of black pepper and anise.
- I prefer a spicy white wine with notes of ginger and nutmeg.
- The rosé had a surprisingly spicy kick with flavors of cinnamon and cardamom.
Word Origin: The word "spicy" in the context of aroma and bouquet comes from the Middle English word "spice," which in turn comes from the Old French word "espice," meaning "spice" or "seasoning." The term likely originated from the Latin word "species," meaning "kind" or "sort," which was used to refer to various aromatic substances and flavorings used in cooking and perfumery. Over time, the term "spicy" came to be associated with the pungent, aromatic qualities of certain herbs, spices, and other ingredients that add heat and flavor to food and beverages. In the context of aroma and bouquet, "spicy" is used to describe scents and flavors that are reminiscent of spices such as cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and peppers.
aroma(Noun)
/Aroma: uh-roh-muh
Bouquet: boo-kay/
Aroma refers to the scent of a wine, typically derived from the grapes, fermentation process, and aging in barrels.
Synonyms: scent, fragrance, smell, perfume, essence, bouquet, whiff
Example Sentences:
- The aroma of the red wine was rich and complex, with notes of dark berries and oak.
- As I swirled the glass, the aroma became more pronounced, filling the room with its enticing fragrance.
- The delicate aroma of the white wine hinted at flavors of tropical fruits and citrus.
Word Origin: The word "aroma" comes from the Ancient Greek word "arōma," which means "spice" or "fragrance." It was later adopted into Latin as "aroma" before being borrowed into English in the late Middle Ages. In the context of aroma and bouquet, aroma refers to the pleasant and distinctive smell of a particular food or drink, while bouquet typically refers to the overall scent of a wine or other alcoholic beverage.
Flavor profile
Floral(Adjective)
/Flo-ral/
Floral in wine tasting refers to aromas and flavors reminiscent of flowers, such as lavender, rose, or jasmine.
Synonyms: flowery, fragrant, perfumed, aromatic, sweet, scented, blossom-like, botanical
Example Sentences:
- The wine had a beautifully delicate floral aroma with notes of honeysuckle and violet.
- I could taste hints of floral undertones in the wine, giving it a refreshing and elegant finish.
- The floral characteristics of the wine paired perfectly with the light and fruity notes, creating a harmonious balance on the palate.
Word Origin: The word "floral" in the context of flavor profile is derived from the Latin word "flōrālis," which means "of flowers." The term is used to describe flavors and aromas that resemble the scents of various flowers, such as roses, lavender, jasmine, and violets. The use of the term "floral" in the context of flavor profile likely originated from the practice of using flowers and their extracts in cooking and perfumery.
Buttery(Adjective)
/But-ter-y - [ˈbʌtəri]/
Buttery refers to a rich, creamy texture and flavor in wine, often associated with oak aging and malolactic fermentation.
Synonyms: creamy, rich, smooth, velvety, luscious, indulgent, oily
Example Sentences:
- The Chardonnay had a smooth, buttery finish that lingered on the palate.
- I could taste hints of vanilla and caramel in the wine, adding to its buttery quality.
- The oak aging process gave the wine a luxurious, buttery mouthfeel that made it a perfect pairing for creamy dishes.
Word Origin: The term "buttery" in the context of flavor profile comes from the word "butter," which has Anglo-Saxon origins. The word "butter" itself can be traced back to the Old English word "butere," which originated from the Latin word "butyrum" and the Greek word "boutyron." The word "buttery" is used to describe a flavor that resembles or is reminiscent of the smooth, rich, and creamy taste of butter.
Herbaceous(Adjective)
/Herbaceous: HER-bay-shus/
Herbaceous in wine tasting refers to flavors and aromas reminiscent of fresh herbs, green bell pepper, or grassy notes.
Synonyms: grassy, fresh, leafy, green, vegetal, earthy, floral, plant-like
Example Sentences:
- The Sauvignon Blanc had a vibrant herbaceous aroma with hints of fresh-cut grass and green bell pepper.
- I could taste the herbaceous notes of thyme and sage in the Chardonnay, giving it a crisp and refreshing finish.
- The Pinot Noir had a subtle herbaceous undertone, adding complexity to its fruity profile.
Word Origin: The word "herbaceous" comes from the Latin word "herba," meaning "herb" or "grass." In the context of flavor profiles, "herbaceous" refers to a taste or aroma that is reminiscent of herbs or plants, such as basil, mint, or parsley. It is often used to describe wines, spirits, or food that have a fresh, green, and vegetal quality to them.
Earthy(Adjective)
/ur-thee/
Earthy in wine tasting refers to flavors or aromas reminiscent of soil, forest floor, mushrooms, or minerals.
Synonyms: earthen, rustic, natural, organic, robust, hearty, grounded, wholesome, unrefined
Example Sentences:
- The red wine had an earthy undertone, with hints of damp soil and mushrooms.
- The Chardonnay had a distinct earthy aroma, reminiscent of a walk through the forest.
- The Pinot Noir had a smooth, earthy finish that lingered on the palate.
Word Origin: The word "earthy" in the context of flavor profile originates from the Old English word "eorþe," meaning "earth" or "soil." This term is used to describe flavors that are reminiscent of the earth or soil, such as mushrooms, root vegetables, and certain herbs. The earthy flavor profile is often associated with a sense of groundedness and naturalness in food.
Spicy(Adjective)
/Spicy: spi-see/
Spicy in wine tasting refers to the presence of bold, pungent flavors such as black pepper, cinnamon, or cloves.
Synonyms: zesty, pungent, fiery, tangy, hot, peppery, flavorful, aromatic, piquant, bold
Example Sentences:
- The red wine had a spicy finish with notes of black pepper and cloves.
- I prefer a spicy Sauvignon Blanc with hints of jalapeño and ginger.
- The spicy undertones in the Merlot added a bold kick to the overall flavor profile.
Word Origin: The word "spicy" comes from the Middle English word "spicy" or "spice," which ultimately derives from the Old French word "espice," meaning "spice" or "seasoning." This in turn comes from the Latin word "species," which means "kind" or "sort." The use of the term "spicy" to describe food with a pungent, hot, or zesty flavor likely originated from the use of various spices and seasonings to achieve such flavors in cooking.
Fruity(Adjective)
/Fruity: FROOT-ee/
Fruity in wine tasting refers to the presence of flavors and aromas reminiscent of various ripe fruits such as berries or citrus.
Synonyms: sweet, tangy, flavorful, juicy, succulent, zesty, tropical, citrusy, aromatic, fresh
Example Sentences:
- The Chardonnay had a fruity aroma of ripe peaches and apricots.
- I prefer red wines that are more bold and tannic, rather than light and fruity.
- The Sauvignon Blanc had a refreshing, fruity taste with hints of tropical fruits like pineapple and passionfruit.
Word Origin: The word "fruity" in the context of flavor profile originates from the Old French word "fruite" which means "fruit." This term was later adopted into Middle English as "fruyt" and eventually evolved into the modern English word "fruity." The term is used to describe flavors that resemble or are reminiscent of various fruits, such as citrus, berries, tropical fruits, and more.
Oaky(Adjective)
/Oaky: Oh-kee/
Oaky refers to the taste and aroma of oak wood in wine, often resulting from aging in oak barrels.
Synonyms: woody, earthy, smoky, spicy, vanilla, toasted
Example Sentences:
- The chardonnay had a rich, oaky flavor with hints of vanilla and caramel.
- I could detect a subtle oaky aroma in the cabernet sauvignon as I swirled the glass.
- The merlot had a smooth, oaky finish that lingered on the palate.
Word Origin: The term "oaky" in the context of flavor profile comes from the use of oak barrels in the aging process of certain alcoholic beverages, particularly wine and whiskey. Oak barrels are often used to store and age these beverages, imparting flavors and characteristics from the wood itself.
The word "oaky" is derived from the noun "oak," which refers to a type of tree commonly used in the production of oak barrels. The flavor profile of an oaky beverage often includes notes of vanilla, spice, caramel, and sometimes a subtle smokiness, all of which are attributed to the oak barrels used in the aging process.
Structure and body
Sweetness Level(Noun)
/Sweetness Level
Swēt-nĭs Lĕ-vĕl/
Sweetness level refers to the amount of residual sugar present in a wine, ranging from dry to sweet on the palate.
Synonyms: richness, fullness, intensity, depth, complexity, body, structure, concentration, robustness
Example Sentences:
- The sweetness level of this dessert wine is off the charts, making it perfect for those with a sweet tooth.
- I prefer wines with a lower sweetness level, as I find them more balanced and easy to drink.
- When choosing a wine, consider the sweetness level to ensure it pairs well with your meal.
Word Origin: The term "sweetness level" in the context of structure and body likely comes from the sensory evaluation of sweetness in food and beverages. The word "sweetness" originates from the Old English word "swētnes," which is derived from the Proto-Germanic word "swōtīnaz." This word ultimately comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *swād-, meaning "sweet, pleasant."
In the context of structure and body, sweetness level refers to the perceived amount of sugar or sweetness in a product, such as wine or coffee. Evaluating the sweetness level can help determine the overall balance and complexity of the beverage, as well as its mouthfeel and overall sensory experience.
Mouthfeel(Noun)
/Mouth-feel (mauth-feel)/
Mouthfeel refers to the texture and sensation of wine in the mouth, including factors like viscosity, astringency, and smoothness.
Synonyms: texture, consistency, feel, weight, body
Example Sentences:
- The red wine had a velvety mouthfeel, with a smooth texture that lingered on the palate.
- The white wine had a crisp mouthfeel, with a refreshing acidity that balanced out its sweetness.
- The rosé had a light and airy mouthfeel, with a delicate texture that made it perfect for sipping on a hot summer day.
Word Origin: The term "mouthfeel" is a relatively recent addition to the English language, first appearing in the 1980s. It is a compound word formed from the combination of "mouth" and "feel."
The word "mouth" comes from the Old English word "muþ," which ultimately traces back to the Proto-Indo-European root "menth," meaning "to chew" or "to speak."
The word "feel" comes from the Old English word "fēlan," which is derived from the Proto-Germanic word "fōlijan," meaning "to touch" or "to handle."
In the context of structure and body, "mouthfeel" refers to the physical sensations experienced in the mouth when consuming food or drink, such as texture, consistency, and viscosity. This term is often used in discussions about the sensory aspects of food and beverages, particularly in the context of wine tasting, where it can help describe the overall impression of a wine's body and structure.
Acidity(Noun)
/uh-sid-i-tee/
Acidity in wine tasting refers to the tart and sour taste that comes from the presence of natural acids.
Synonyms: sourness, tartness, sharpness, tanginess, bitterness, piquancy
Example Sentences:
- The acidity in this white wine is balanced perfectly with fruity notes, creating a refreshing and crisp finish.
- I prefer wines with higher levels of acidity, as they tend to be more vibrant and food-friendly.
- The acidity of this red wine is quite pronounced, giving it a bright and lively character on the palate.
Word Origin: The word "acidity" comes from the Latin word "acidus," meaning sour or sharp. In the context of structure and body, acidity refers to the level of acid in a substance, particularly in relation to its taste or chemical composition. In the body, acidity can refer to the pH level of bodily fluids, such as blood or stomach acid, which can have significant impacts on overall health and functioning.
Balance(Noun)
/1. Bal-uhns
2. Bal-uhnsd/
Balance in wine tasting refers to a harmonious integration of acidity, sweetness, tannins, and alcohol, creating a pleasing overall sensation.
Synonyms: stability, equilibrium, symmetry, proportion, poise, steadiness, alignment, harmony, centering, symmetry
Example Sentences:
- The wine had a perfect balance of acidity and sweetness, making it smooth and enjoyable to drink.
- The tannins in the red wine were well-balanced, adding structure without being overpowering.
- A good balance of alcohol in the wine allowed the flavors to shine without being too boozy.
Word Origin: The word "balance" comes from the Latin word "bilanx," which means "having two scales" or "two-armed." This reflects the idea of balance as a state of equilibrium achieved by having equal weight or force on both sides of a structure or body. In the context of structure and body, balance refers to the distribution of weight or force in a way that prevents tipping or falling over. This concept is essential for stability and proper function in both physical structures and the human body.
Body(Noun)
/1. Structure: struhk-chur
2. Body: bah-dee/
Body in wine tasting refers to the weight and texture of the wine, ranging from light to full-bodied.
Synonyms: framework, structure, physique, form, build, anatomy, torso, figure, shape
Example Sentences:
- Herbal notes and a hint of oak complement the full body of this red wine.
- The light-bodied white wine had crisp acidity and a refreshing finish.
- The medium-bodied rosé displayed flavors of strawberries and a smooth texture.
Word Origin: The word "body" comes from the Old English word "bodig," which originally meant "trunk" or "torso." It is derived from the Proto-Germanic word "budagaz," which also referred to the physical structure of a living being. The word "body" has been used to refer to the physical structure or form of a person or animal since the Middle English period. In the context of structure and body, the word "body" refers to the physical substance or form of an object or organism.
Complexity(Noun)
/Com-plek-si-tee/
Complexity in wine tasting refers to the various layers of flavors, aromas, and textures present in a wine.
Synonyms: intricacy, convolution, difficulty, elaborateness, complication, sophistication, knottiness, entanglement, involvement, intricateness
Example Sentences:
- The complexity of this vintage wine is truly impressive, with notes of black cherry, cocoa, and a hint of tobacco.
- As the wine aged, it developed a beautiful complexity that unfolded with each sip, revealing nuances of dried herbs and leather.
- The winemaker's skill is apparent in the complexity of this blend, balancing fruitiness with earthy undertones and a long, smooth finish.
Word Origin: The word "complexity" comes from the Latin word "complexus," which means "entwined" or "encompassed." In the context of structure and body, complexity refers to the intricate and interconnected nature of the various components and systems that make up an organism. This complexity arises from the countless interactions and relationships between different parts of the body, such as organs, tissues, cells, and molecules, which work together to maintain the overall structure and function of the organism.
Structure(Noun)
/Struc - chur/
Structure in wine tasting refers to the combination of the wine's acidity, tannins, alcohol, and sweetness that give it balance.
Synonyms: framework, organization, system, arrangement, design, composition, architecture, layout, format
Example Sentences:
- The structure of this red wine is well-balanced, with a good acidity and smooth tannins.
- I can taste the complex structure of this aged white wine, with its high alcohol content and lingering sweetness.
- The structure of this rosé is lacking, as it lacks acidity and has too much sweetness.
Word Origin: The word "structure" comes from the Latin word "structura," which means "a fitting together, arrangement, or building." It is derived from the verb "struere," which means "to pile, build, or construct." The term has been used in English since the late 16th century to refer to the arrangement or organization of parts in a whole, such as a building, system, or body. In the context of the human body, structure refers to the arrangement and organization of bones, muscles, organs, and other tissues that make up the physical form of a person.
Tannins(Noun)
/TAN-ins/
Tannins are natural compounds found in grape skins, seeds, and stems that give wine its structure, bitterness, and astringency.
Synonyms: richness, depth, fullness, complexity, weightiness, robustness, intensity, concentration, firmness, structure
Example Sentences:
- The red wine had strong tannins that left a dry sensation in my mouth.
- Tannins are responsible for the puckering feeling you get when you drink a bold red wine.
- Certain foods, like walnuts and dark chocolate, can enhance the perception of tannins in wine.
Word Origin: The word "tannins" is derived from the Old French word "tanner," which means "to convert into leather." Tannins are a type of polyphenolic compound found in plants, particularly in the skin, seeds, and stems of grapes. They are responsible for the astringency, structure, and body in wine. Tannins are extracted during the winemaking process when the grape skins, seeds, and stems are in contact with the grape juice. They contribute to the overall flavor profile and aging potential of the wine.
Texture(Noun)
/1. Tex-chur
2. Struk-cher
3. Bod-ee/
Texture in wine tasting refers to the tactile sensation experienced in the mouth, such as smoothness, viscosity, or astringency.
Synonyms: feel, touch, consistency, surface, fabric, grain, composition, structure, quality, finish
Example Sentences:
- The wine had a velvety texture that coated the palate with rich, smooth flavors.
- I enjoyed the wine's complex texture, which included both a creamy mouthfeel and a slight tannic grip.
- The wine's texture was surprisingly thin and watery, lacking the depth and viscosity I expected.
Word Origin: The word "texture" comes from the Latin word "textura," which means "weaving" or "fabric." In the context of structure and body, texture refers to the physical feel or appearance of a surface, which can be smooth, rough, bumpy, soft, or any number of other qualities that are perceived through touch or sight.
Alcohol Content(Noun)
/Al-co-hol Con-tent/
Alcohol content refers to the percentage of alcohol present in a wine, influencing its structure, body, and overall flavor profile.
Synonyms: strength, potency, intensity, richness, fullness, weight, concentration, depth
Example Sentences:
- The alcohol content of this red wine is 14%, giving it a rich and full-bodied taste.
- When selecting a bottle of wine, pay attention to the alcohol content to ensure it matches your preferences.
- The alcohol content of a cocktail can greatly affect how quickly you feel its effects, so drink responsibly.
Word Origin: The term "alcohol content" comes from the Latin word "alcohol," which originally referred to a fine powder produced through the sublimation of minerals. Over time, the term came to be associated with distilled spirits, particularly ethanol. The word "content" comes from the Latin "contentus," meaning satisfied or contained. When used in the context of structure and body, "alcohol content" refers to the amount of ethanol present in a beverage, which can affect its texture, flavor, and overall body.
Finish
Length(Noun)
/Length: Lehng-tuh/
Length in wine tasting refers to how long the flavor of the wine lingers in the mouth after swallowing.
Synonyms: extent, duration, stretch, span, reach, distance, measure, limit
Example Sentences:
- The length of the finish on this wine is impressive, with notes of black cherry lingering on the palate.
- I found the length of the aftertaste to be somewhat lacking in this particular bottle.
- The length of the tannins in this red wine is balanced and smooth, making for a very enjoyable experience.
Word Origin: The word "length" in the context of finish comes from the Old English word "lencg," which means the long part of something. It has roots in the Proto-Germanic word "langjo," which also means length or long piece. This word has been used in English since the 12th century to refer to the size or extent of something, particularly in terms of measurement or distance. In the context of finish, length is often used to describe how long or wide a piece of material is, such as a fabric or piece of wood.
Complexity(Noun)
/Complexity: Kom-plek-si-tee/
Complexity in wine tasting refers to the various layers of flavors, aromas, and textures that contribute to the overall experience.
Synonyms: difficulty, intricacy, complication, sophistication, involvement, elaborateness, convolutedness, entanglement, perplexity
Example Sentences:
- The wine's complexity was evident with its rich flavors of dark berries, hints of oak, and velvety finish.
- As I continued to sip, I discovered new layers of complexity, such as subtle notes of tobacco and a touch of earthiness.
- The complexity of this wine made it a delight to savor, as each sip revealed a new dimension of flavor.
Word Origin: The word "complexity" in Finnish is "monimutkaisuus." It is derived from the word "moni," meaning "many," and "mutkainen," meaning "twisted" or "complicated." The suffix "-uus" is used to indicate a state or quality. Therefore, "monimutkaisuus" can be translated as the state or quality of being twisted or complicated in many ways.
Balance(Noun)
/Balance: Ba-lan-si/
Balance in wine tasting refers to the harmonious integration of acidity, tannins, alcohol, and fruit flavors, creating a pleasing overall impression.
Synonyms: equilibrium, stability, steadiness, poise, rest, evenness, symmetry, harmony, proportion, control, control, moderation, self-restraint
Example Sentences:
- The wine had a perfect balance of acidity and sweetness, making it incredibly enjoyable to drink.
- The red blend had a nice balance of tannins and fruit flavors, creating a smooth and rounded palate.
- The Chardonnay had a beautiful balance of oak and fruit, resulting in a complex and well-rounded wine.
Word Origin: The word "balance" in Finnish is "tasapaino." It comes from the words "tasa," meaning "equal," and "paino," meaning "weight." Therefore, "tasapaino" literally means "equal weight" in Finnish.
Aging and maturation
Lees(Noun)
/1. Aging: Ay-jing
2. Maturation: Ma-chuh-rey-shun/
Lees refer to the sediment of dead yeast cells and grape particles that settle at the bottom of the wine during aging.
Synonyms: sediment, dregs, residue, settlings, precipitate
Example Sentences:
- The winemaker decided to leave the wine on the lees for an extended period to enhance its complexity and mouthfeel.
- After aging on the lees for several months, the wine developed rich toasty notes and a creamy texture.
- The lees were carefully stirred in the barrel to promote malolactic fermentation and add depth to the wine.
Word Origin: The word "lees" in the context of aging and maturation comes from Middle English "leyes," which in turn comes from Old French "lies" meaning sediment, dregs, or lees. This term ultimately derives from the Latin word "sedimentum," which also means sediment. In winemaking, aging on the lees refers to the process of leaving the wine in contact with the sediment (lees) that settles at the bottom of the fermentation vessel. This process can add complexity and richness to the wine during maturation.
Cellar(Noun)
/Cel-lar/
A cellar is a storage space with controlled temperature and humidity used for aging wines to enhance their flavors.
Synonyms: basement, vault, storage room, wine cellar, aging room, maturation chamber, underground cellar, fermentation room, wine vault
Example Sentences:
- The wine connoisseur proudly displayed his collection of rare vintages in his cellar.
- After a long day of work, she retreated to the cool tranquility of her cellar to relax.
- The musty smell of the old books in the cellar reminded him of his childhood adventures.
Word Origin: The word "cellar" comes from the Latin word "cellarium," which originally referred to a pantry or storage room for food. Over time, the term evolved to also include a storage area for wine and other beverages. In the context of aging and maturation, the term "cellar" specifically refers to a room or area where wine is stored to allow it to mature and develop its flavors. The controlled environment of a cellar helps maintain consistent temperature, humidity, and darkness, all of which are important factors in the aging process of wine.
Secondary fermentation(Noun)
/Sec-on-dar-ee fer-men-tay-shun/
Secondary fermentation refers to the process in winemaking where a second fermentation occurs after the initial fermentation, improving flavors and texture.
Synonyms: aging, maturation, secondary conditioning, secondary maturation, secondary aging, secondary fermentation
Example Sentences:
- The winery allowed the wine to undergo secondary fermentation in stainless steel tanks for an additional two months.
- During secondary fermentation, the wine developed complex aromas of ripe fruit and subtle oak.
- After completing primary fermentation, the winemaker transferred the wine to barrels for secondary fermentation to enhance its structure and depth.
Word Origin: The term "secondary fermentation" in the context of aging and maturation likely comes from the Latin word "fermentatio," which means "to ferment." In the process of making wine or beer, fermentation is the conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.
In the context of aging and maturation, secondary fermentation refers to a second fermentation process that occurs after the initial fermentation is complete. This secondary fermentation can occur in the bottle or in a separate vessel and is often used to enhance flavors, create carbonation, or improve the overall quality of the beverage.
Overall, the term "secondary fermentation" likely comes from the Latin roots of "fermentatio" and has been adapted to describe a specific step in the process of aging and maturing certain beverages.
Decanting(Verb)
/De-can-ting/
Decanting is the process of pouring wine from its bottle into a separate container to separate sediment and allow aeration.
Synonyms: pouring, transferring, extracting, racking, siphoning, straining
Example Sentences:
- After opening a bottle of red wine, it is recommended to let it breathe by decanting it for at least 30 minutes.
- Decanting can also help to enhance the flavors and aromas of the wine, making it more enjoyable to drink.
- Some people prefer to decant their wines directly into a decanter, while others use a simple glass pitcher for the process.
Word Origin: The word "decanting" in the context of aging and maturation comes from the Latin word "decantare," which means "to pour off." In the context of aging and maturation, decanting refers to the process of transferring a liquid, typically wine or spirits, from one container to another in order to separate it from any sediment that may have formed during the aging process. This helps to improve the clarity and taste of the liquid, allowing it to mature and develop more fully.
Tannins(Noun)
/Tan-ins/
Tannins are compounds found in wine that come from grape skins, seeds, and stems, providing structure, bitterness, and astringency.
Synonyms: oakiness, astringency, structure, complexity, depth, richness, maturity
Example Sentences:
- The red wine tasted bold and rich due to its high tannin content from the grape skins.
- The sommelier explained that the tannins in the Cabernet Sauvignon would mellow out with age, creating a smoother finish.
- I prefer wines with lower tannins, as I find the astringency to be too overpowering for my palate.
Word Origin: The word "tannins" is derived from the Latin word "tannum," which means oak bark. Tannins are naturally occurring compounds found in plants, particularly in the bark, leaves, and fruit skins of various plant species. They are responsible for the astringent taste in foods and beverages, such as red wine and tea.
In the context of aging and maturation, tannins play a significant role in the development of flavor and texture in wine. During the aging process, tannins bind with other compounds in the wine, such as proteins and pigments, forming larger molecules that contribute to the wine's complexity and structure. This process, known as polymerization, helps to soften the wine's harsh tannins and improve its overall balance and mouthfeel.
Overall, tannins are essential for the aging and maturation of wine, as they help to preserve the wine's freshness and enhance its flavors over time.
Bottle aging(Noun)
/Bottle aging: bot-ul ey-jing/
Bottle aging refers to the process of allowing wine to mature and develop in flavor and complexity inside a sealed bottle.
Synonyms: matured, aged, cellared, stored, aged in bottle, aged in cellar, well-aged, bottle-matured, bottle-cellared, bottle-stored
Example Sentences:
- The wine has been bottle aging for five years, resulting in a smooth and balanced taste.
- Many collectors believe that certain wines benefit greatly from extended bottle aging.
- Some winemakers choose to release their wines after extensive bottle aging to showcase their full potential.
Word Origin: The term "bottle aging" refers to the process of allowing a wine to mature and develop in flavor and complexity while in the bottle.
The etymology of the word "bottle" dates back to the early 14th century, derived from the Old French word "boteille," which came from the Latin word "butticula," meaning "small cask." In the context of wine, the word "bottle" refers to the container in which the wine is stored and aged.
The process of bottle aging allows the wine to interact with oxygen in a controlled way, which helps soften the tannins and integrate the flavors. This maturation process can enhance the aromas, flavors, and overall quality of the wine over time.
Barrel(Noun)
/Bar-rel/
A barrel is a wooden container used for aging and maturing wine, where the wine absorbs flavors and aromas from the wood.
Synonyms: cask, tun, keg, vat, drum, vessel, hogshead
Example Sentences:
- The winemaker carefully selected oak barrels to age the red wine, enhancing its complexity and depth of flavor.
- After months of aging in the barrel, the white wine developed a smooth and creamy texture with hints of vanilla and spice.
- The distillery stored their whiskey in charred oak barrels, allowing the spirit to mellow and develop rich caramel notes.
Word Origin: The word "barrel" comes from the Old French word "baril," which originally referred to a container for liquids such as wine, beer, or oil. The word has its roots in the Latin word "barillus," meaning a small cask or barrel. Over time, the term "barrel" came to specifically refer to a cylindrical container used for aging and maturing alcoholic beverages such as whiskey, rum, and wine. The use of barrels for aging and maturation dates back to ancient times, and the practice has continued to evolve and be refined over the centuries.
Oak(Noun)
/1. Aging: AY-jing
2. Maturation: MA-chuh-REY-shun/
Oak refers to the type of wood used in wine barrels, imparting flavors like vanilla, spice, and toast during aging.
Synonyms: mature, seasoned, aged, old, weathered, developed, ripe, seasoned, cultivated
Example Sentences:
- The oak barrels used for aging this wine imparted a rich vanilla flavor to the final product.
- The wine has subtle notes of oak, giving it a hint of spice and toast.
- The oak wood used in the barrels adds depth and complexity to the wine's flavor profile.
Word Origin: The word "oak" comes from the Old English word "āc," which is derived from the Proto-Germanic word "aiks." The oak tree has been traditionally associated with strength, durability, and longevity, which is why oak barrels are commonly used in the aging and maturation of wines and spirits. The wood of the oak tree is porous and allows for the gradual exchange of oxygen, which helps to develop and enhance the flavors of the liquid inside the barrel over time. The use of oak barrels in aging and maturation has been a common practice for centuries, and the word "oak" has become synonymous with quality and tradition in the world of winemaking and distilling.
Faults and flaws
Acetic acid(Noun)
/uh-SEE-tik AS-id/
Acetic acid is a volatile acid found in wine, often resulting from the presence of acetic bacteria and producing a vinegary taste.
Synonyms: vinegar, ethanoic acid, sour wine
Example Sentences:
- The strong smell of acetic acid in the wine indicated that it had gone bad.
- The acetic acid content in the vinegar was too high, making it unpleasantly sour.
- The winemaker was careful to monitor the levels of acetic acid in the fermentation process to avoid spoilage.
Word Origin: The word "acetic" comes from the Latin word "acetum," meaning vinegar. "Acid" comes from the Latin word "acidus," meaning sour. Therefore, "acetic acid" literally means "sour vinegar," as vinegar is a common source of acetic acid. In the context of faults and flaws, acetic acid can refer to the presence of this acidic compound in a substance, which may indicate a flaw or issue with the material.
Brettanomyces(Noun)
/Brettanomyces: Bret-ta-no-my-cees/
Brettanomyces is a type of yeast that can cause off-putting aromas and flavors in wine, such as barnyard or bandaid.
Synonyms: bretty, barnyard, horse blanket, band-aid, medicinal, sweaty, funk
Example Sentences:
- The winemaker was disappointed to discover that his wine had been contaminated with Brettanomyces, resulting in off-putting aromas of wet hay and horse blanket.
- The presence of Brettanomyces in the barrel caused a noticeable bandaid note in the wine, which was deemed undrinkable by the sommelier.
- The wine had a distinct barnyard funk due to the Brettanomyces infection, leaving a sour aftertaste on the palate.
Word Origin: The word "Brettanomyces" is derived from the Greek words "brettanē" meaning British or English, and "mykēs" meaning fungus. The term was coined in the late 19th century to describe a type of yeast commonly found in English ales, particularly those brewed in the Burton-on-Trent region. Brettanomyces is considered a fault or flaw in winemaking when it unintentionally infects wine, as it can produce off-flavors and aromas such as barnyard, horse blanket, and metallic notes.
Microbial contamination(Noun)
/My-kroh-bee-uhl kuhn-tam-uh-ney-shuhn/
Microbial contamination refers to the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast in wine, which can result in off-flavors.
Synonyms: pollution, infection, taint, impurity, adulteration, spoilage
Example Sentences:
- The winery had to shut down production temporarily due to microbial contamination in their fermentation tanks.
- Microbial contamination can be prevented by maintaining strict hygiene practices in the winemaking process.
- The lab results confirmed the presence of bacterial strains that were causing microbial contamination in the wine samples.
Word Origin: The word "microbial" comes from the Greek word "mikros," meaning small, and the suffix "-al", indicating relating to or pertaining to. "Contamination" comes from the Latin word "contaminare," meaning to make impure. Therefore, "microbial contamination" refers to the presence of small, potentially harmful organisms in a substance or environment, leading to impurity or pollution. In the context of faults and flaws, microbial contamination can refer to the introduction of bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms into a product or system, causing defects or failures.
Oxidation(Noun)
/Ox-i-day-shun/
Oxidation in wine tasting refers to the chemical reaction that occurs when wine is exposed to oxygen, resulting in a stale or nutty flavor.
Synonyms: corrosion, rusting, tarnishing, erosion, weathering, deterioration, oxidization
Example Sentences:
- The oxidation process in wine can be accelerated by improper storage conditions, such as exposure to heat or light.
- During oxidation, the wine's color may change from vibrant red to a brownish hue, signaling that the wine is past its prime.
- Winemakers often utilize antioxidants to slow down the oxidation process and preserve the freshness and flavor of the wine.
Word Origin: The word "oxidation" comes from the Latin word "oxidare," which means "to combine with oxygen." In the context of faults and flaws, oxidation refers to the chemical reaction that occurs when a material reacts with oxygen, causing it to deteriorate or weaken. This process is often seen in metals, where exposure to oxygen can lead to the formation of rust or corrosion, causing the material to lose strength and integrity.
Reduction(Noun)
/Reduction: re-duhk-shuhn/
Reduction in wine tasting refers to a fault where wine lacks oxygen exposure, leading to off-putting sulfurous, rubbery aromas.
Synonyms: decrease, lessening, minimization, cutback, limitation, curtailment, decline, deduction, abatement
Example Sentences:
- The reduction in oxygen during the winemaking process can result in a reduction of fruity aromas and flavors in the final product.
- Excessive reduction in wine can also lead to a flat and uninteresting mouthfeel, lacking depth and complexity.
- Winemakers often employ techniques such as racking and stirring to reduce reduction and improve the overall quality of the wine.
Word Origin: The word "reduction" in the context of faults and flaws comes from the Latin word "reducere," which means "to bring back" or "to lead back." In this sense, reduction refers to the process of identifying and minimizing faults or flaws in a system or product in order to improve its overall quality and performance.
Sulfur compounds(Noun)
/Sulf-er com-pounds/
Sulfur compounds in wine tasting refer to chemical compounds that can cause off-flavors or aromas in wine due to fermentation or winemaking practices.
Synonyms: - Sulphur compounds
- Sulfide compounds
- Sulfurous compounds
- Sulfide minerals
- Sulfurous minerals
Example Sentences:
- Sulfur compounds in wine can give off a rotten egg or skunky aroma, affecting its overall taste and quality.
- Winemakers often use sulfur dioxide as a preservative to prevent unwanted oxidation and microbial growth in the wine.
- The presence of sulfur compounds in wine can result in a sharp, unpleasant taste that can be off-putting to consumers.
Word Origin: The word "sulfur" comes from the Latin word "sulfurium," which is derived from the Sanskrit word "sulvere," meaning "to burn." Sulfur compounds in the context of faults and flaws refer to minerals containing sulfur that can cause issues in various materials, such as concrete, due to their corrosive nature.
Volatility(Noun)
/Vol-a-til-i-ty/
Volatility in wine tasting refers to the presence of excessive and unpleasant aromas due to the evaporation of volatile compounds.
Synonyms: instability, unpredictability, uncertainty, variability, fluctuation, capriciousness, inconsistency
Example Sentences:
- The wine exhibited a high level of volatility, with strong notes of nail polish remover and vinegar on the nose.
- Winemakers often strive to control volatility during fermentation to ensure a more balanced and pleasant aroma profile in the finished product.
- Consumers should be wary of wines with excessive volatility, as they can indicate quality issues or poor storage conditions.
Word Origin: The word "volatility" comes from the Latin word "volatilis," meaning "fleeting" or "flying." In the context of faults and flaws, volatility refers to the tendency of something to change rapidly or unpredictably. This could be applied to a situation where a flaw in a system or process causes it to behave erratically or inconsistently. The volatile nature of the flaw makes it difficult to predict how it will impact the overall functioning of the system.
Cork taint(Noun)
/Kawrk teynt/
Cork taint is a musty, moldy odor or taste in wine caused by a contaminated cork, impacting wine quality.
Synonyms: mustiness, taint, moldy, mildew, spoilage
Example Sentences:
- The sommelier immediately detected cork taint in the wine, much to the disappointment of the diners.
- The winemaker was devastated to find that several bottles from the latest batch had been affected by cork taint.
- After years of aging, the expensive bottle of wine was opened only to discover it was ruined by cork taint.
Word Origin: The term "cork taint" originated from the fact that the most common cause of this particular flaw in wine is the presence of a chemical compound called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which can be found in natural cork closures. When TCA comes into contact with the wine, it imparts a musty, moldy aroma and flavor, often described as resembling damp or wet cardboard. This unpleasant characteristic is commonly referred to as "cork taint" because it is primarily associated with the use of cork closures in wine bottles.
Quick Facts
- Wine tasting involves evaluating the flavors and aromas of wine through a systematic process of smelling, tasting, and observing the wine.
- Professional wine tasters, also known as sommeliers, undergo rigorous training to develop their palate and ability to discern different characteristics in wine.
- Wine tasting events often involve blind tastings, where participants are given wine samples without knowing the type or brand, to test their ability to identify different wines.
- One of the key aspects of wine tasting is the concept of terroir, which refers to the specific geographical location where the grapes are grown and how it influences the flavor of the wine.
- Wine tasting can be a subjective experience, as individual preferences and taste buds play a significant role in how a person perceives the flavors and qualities of a wine.